Earth shattering news: Yoga, CIT's rights issue, Japan's earthquake and Saizen REIT.

This is a momentous day. I went for my first Hot Yoga class! Yes, were you expecting me to talk about the correction in the USA or the earthquake in Japan? Well, jokes aside, I have not stretched myself in so many different directions and curled myself up in so many positions in ages, if at all! It was all done in a room set at a temperature of 38 degrees centigrade. I lost almost a kilo after the session. Had a dinner of salad, fish and rice after the session just to continue feeling good about myself doing something healthy for a change!

Anyway, when I came home, I saw 15 comments in my blog awaiting moderation and, of course, response. Wow! That's a record but one that is not taken note of by any analytical tools. I guess people must really be spooked today by all the happenings in the market, including Cambridge Industrial Trust's (CIT) rights issue.

OK, if you can't tell by now, this is going to be a mish mash of a blog post. I am going to talk about all the stuff that's on my mind and maybe more. I am still feeling very warm from yoga, despite having showered twice, once at the yoga studio and once at home (after replying to all the comments in my blog). Full from a very healthy dinner, I am feeling very drowsy at this moment.

Now, first off, CIT. I got in at 51c this morning and I blogged about it here. The sell down after lunch was rather unexpected. Well, so was the earthquake in Japan. These things happen. As long as we got in at a fair price, there should be no regrets.

What are my plans now? Buy more if its price weakens further? Looking at the daily chart, CIT is trading below the 200dMA. So, I look at the weekly chart for hints of the next support. The rising 100wMA is at 46.5c now and should provide relatively strong support. 46.5c? That is some way to fall from here! Yes, it is but remember that TA shows us where the supports are and not necessarily that they would be tested. If it should be tested while the counter is still CR, I would buy more.

Buying 16 lots more at 46.5c would mean an average price of 46.11c. With a DPU of 5.07c, post rights, it would be a distribution yield of almost 11%! Of course, owning more units could possibly entitle me to more excess rights as well.

Next, the biggie: earthquake in Japan. This has been described as the worst earthquake in Japan in many years. In my memory, the last big quake was the Kobe earthquake in 1995 and that measured 7.2 on the Richter scale. The earthquake in question now measured 8.9 on the Richter scale. It is a catastrophe that has triggered tsunami warnings "for countries to the west and across the Pacific as far away as Colombia and Peru". Read report here.

For investors of Saizen REIT, we are concerned as to how much of the REIT's portfolio is affected. Saizen REIT currently owns 146 buildings of which 28 are in the affected areas. These buildings jointly account for about 15% of the REIT's income and 15.5% of its NAV.

In a timely report by its co-CEO, Mr. Chang Sean Pey, it is revealed that "the asset manager of Saizen REIT are in the process of contacting the local property managers in Sendai, Koriyama and Morioka to find out their well being and to assess the impact of the Earthquake on Saizen REIT’s property portfolio.....(and) will continue to make appropriate announcements as and when it receives updates on the above matter." Read announcement here.

There is not much else we can do but to wait and I won't lose sleep over this. Why? The unit price of the REIT fell and hit 15c at one point before closing at 15.5c which is a support I just blogged about yesterday. It is where we find the upturned 100wMA now. Read blog post here.

Fundamentally, if Saizen REIT did not insure any of the buildings concerned and this is very unlikely, we could expect a revised NAV of about 22.67c/unit and a reduced DPU of 0.88c, bearing in mind that this could be 50% higher if not for the amortising nature of its loans. These numbers do not include potential contributions from YK Shintoku which is in default of its CMBS. Weaker numbers, no doubt, but not catastrophic.

So, stay calm and rational, wait for the management's report and if the market should overeact on the downside, I would buy more. That's what I'm doing and I am going to enjoy the weekend. You should too. :)

Mapletree Logistics Trust, Saizen falls on Japan quake
Friday, 11 March 2011

© 2011 - The Edge Singapore

GLP slumps on Japan quake; company checking properties
Friday, 11 March 2011

© 2011 - The Edge Singapore

Japanese properties attracting international buyers.

International real estate portfolio investors from the United States to Singapore are increasingly looking to buy property in Japan with over $2 billion in deals already agreed this year, it is claimed....

............Franklin Templeton is understood to be looking to buy a portfolio of distressed loans at a discount, which would provide attractive returns and allow access to physical assets, while Blackstone plans to buy Morgan Stanley’s loans which are backed by commercial real estate such as office buildings.
 
Wealthy Chinese investors are also increasingly looking to Japan and a number of travel agencies have started offering Buy Japanese Property tours. Realtors say major foreign private equity groups, real estate trusts and realtors have earmarked an estimated $6.6 billion for investments in Asia, showing interest in Japan’s bricks and mortar assets and property debt.
 
‘While we are cautious around the country’s fundamentals, we do believe that the sheer size of the market allows for opportunities,’ said Peter Kim, managing director, ING Real Estate Investment Management, which has funds invested in Japan......

........Distressed or marked down properties in Japan, such as debt backed by commercial real estate, are also emerging on the radars of foreign buyers. ‘We are finding a degree of success in finding deals through trust banks or lenders who have taken control of over leveraged assets,’ said Jacques Gordon, global investment strategist at LaSalle Investment Management.
 
As foreign money pours in, the real surge in buying may just be starting, according to Mark Brown, a real estate analyst at researcher Japaninvest. The gap between what distressed property owners are asking and the amount buyers are willing to pay is closing fast, he said, adding that would lead to plenty of new deals. 

Source: PropertyWire

Related post:
Japanese real estate: Has it bottomed?

Saizen REIT: AK71 responds to a forum.

This is almost all of my very long comment in Wealth Buch in response to certain things said in a forum on Saizen REIT:

I have talked about the Japanese debt situation and how this has no impact on Saizen REIT before:

Japan's debt issue and Saizen REIT

As for the S$/JPY exchange rate and how the strong JPY is likely to weaken in time, we have to remember that exchange rate is bilateral in nature. The JPY could also weaken if the S$ strengthens.

MAS is allowing the S$ to strengthen in order to contain inflationary pressures. Will it allow the S$ to strengthen much more? If it does, would it not impact our exporters negatively? MAS is likely to be very cautious.

The residential real estate which Saizen REIT is vested in is below replacement cost. This means that no one in his right mind would construct new buildings. The supply side has stalled. The demand for inexpensive accommodation is strong and I have a blog post on this recently.

Asterisk Realty: Advisory for Japanese real estate

Saizen REIT owns freehold properties. Income distribution is therefore perpetual, ceteris paribus.

As for rental rates lowering 4% in Saizen REIT's latest tenancy renewals, how much of its total tenancy were so affected? Would such a trend continue?

The assumption that rental rates would continue to lower in Japan is just an assumption and is something waved around by people who think that Japan is going to the Land of the Dodos.

Jim Rogers is long JPY and believes that it will remain strong.  Marc Faber believes that people are so bearish on Japan and have written it off that it is a strong contrarian play. The JPY is still viewed as a safe haven.

In recent months, China's purchase of JGBs caused the Japanese government some concerns. The Chinese recognise the safety of JGBs compared to US Treasuries and have been diversifying away from the latter. As long as there remains a strong demand for the JPY for various reasons, the JPY is likely to stay strong. It's simple economics of supply and demand.

The recent revival of interest in Japanese real estate because of the sector's amazing yield is likely to increase demand for the JPY too. People who want to invest in Japanese real estate must pay in JPY.

It is not wrong to say that the high yield is normal for real estate in Japan but such high yield is not normal for real estate in some other countries, countries in which investors would like to get better returns for their money.

Related posts:

Saizen REIT: AGM on 19 Oct 10.
Japanese real estate: Has it bottomed?

Asterisk Realty: Advisory for Japanese real estate.

This is a Japanese real estate brokerage that I came across. Its website provides views of the real estate market in Japan from within.  It is a perspective which I find bracing.  

From the beginning of fiscal year 2010 in April, we expect CMBS and lenders to offer some excellent properties one by one throughout the year. 

With more confident buyers, we may see a gradual rise in market level. In 2009, there were a couple of very attractive properties that were on sale at discount prices in order to take precaution against oncoming financial pressures, however many properties were unsold due to strict financing conditions during recession. 

This year, a number of these properties successfully underwent transactions as a result of optimism that the worst of the recession has passed. Economic recovery is imminent and the overall attitude towards buying seems to be becoming optimistic. 

Many non-Japanese Asian investors are taking initiative to acquire Japanese prime trophy properties. They are expected to have a significant future presence in the Japanese prime asset market. Japan real estate market generates strong demand from global buyers for its maturity, stability and one of a kind trophy assets in all of Asia.


Due to stable and high occupancy rate, residential is still the most popular investment sector for all investors relative to office, retail, and hotel markets


 We are recently seeing less opportunities of residential opportunities of 300 million to 1 billion JPY in Tokyo. Large size  residential properties (above JPY 3 billion) will be available one by one from loan lenders and merged REIT for downsizing debt. 

Middle class residential occupancy remains stable due to sustainable demands and some upper class residential occupancy start recovering due to an overall decrease in rent prices.


Related post:
Saizen REIT's properties: Would I buy?

Japanese real estate: Has it bottomed?

Many asked me if I think the real estate prices in Japan has bottomed. After 20 years of decline, I believe it has.  Why am I so confident? Well, I do not have a PhD in Economics but I understand that price is a function of demand and supply.

The Japanese are fearful of buying any real estate because anyone who bought a piece of real estate in the country within the last 20 years would more likely than not have lost money and this could be as much as 50% of the original purchase price! If the person had taken a bank loan to buy that piece of real estate, including interest on the mortgage, the losses could be even higher.

Little wonder that 40% of the Japanese population rent the roofs over their heads.  Little wonder why Japanese residential real estate's rental rate declined little relative to the decline in real estate prices over the years.

OK, so the rental demand is strong and this means that rental rates would remain resilient but what about the prices of real estate in Japan? Well, the US$ is probably going lower in time. With QE2 (quantitative easing part 2) by Mr. Ben Bernanke, the fate of the US$ is sealed. Anyone who wants to get a better rate of return would be bonkers to put any money in US Treasuries.

So, what are investors to do? They want to invest in assets denominated in currencies which would gain against the US$. They want to invest in assets which would generate cash flow in currencies with relative strength against the US$. Many Asian countries offer opportunities to these ends.

The fact that Saizen REIT managed to sell quite a few of their properties in their YK Shintoku's portfolio is testament to the fact that buyers are back in the Japanese real estate market and they are looking for better returns on their investments. Money will go to where it is treated best.  Borrowing at very low interest rates and getting more than 10% yield in net property income from Japanese residential real estate is a mouth watering deal!

Even if the market has not bottomed in Japan, I believe it nearly has. This could be the next big story.

Related posts:
Saizen REIT's properties: Would I buy?
Japan's debt issue and Saizen REIT.
Invest in Asian equities and inflation is here to stay.
Buy Japanese real estate.

Asian REITs 1H 2010.

The report by CBRE RESEARCH (ASIA) titled REITS AROUND ASIA 1H 2010 makes for interesting reading. See the following two paragraphs from the report regarding S-REITs:

The total market capitalisation of S-REITs stood at US$21.1 billion as of the end of the first half, making it the second largest REIT market in Asia after Japan. The outlook for S-REITs is stable as the sector continues to be supported by the strong rebound in Singapore’s economy, the stabilisation of rents across the retail, office and industrial property sub-sectors  as well as the steady performance and lower refinancing risk of many S-REITs.

The simplicity of S-REITs as an investment instrument, their strong underlying fundamentals and relatively risk averse nature continue to make them an attractive option for investors. The S-REIT market has developed and matured over the last eight years, in size as well as in complexity and depth. S-REIT portfolios now cover a wide array of assets in retail, commercial, industrial, healthcare, hospitality and residential sectors, all of which are situated in diverse locations around the region. Investors in REITs have also evolved and now look towards the potential of a REIT’s property portfolio. These include factors such as asset type, geographical location, occupancy rates, demographics, lease terms, tenant quality and diversity, all of which combine to provide support for the portfolio’s aggregate rental income and in turn the sustainability and stability of the REIT’s distributable income. Investors also consider the REIT manager as this directly involves the development and implementation of the REIT’s investment strategy, the management of its portfolio and capital structure to foster long-term profitability.

Read complete research paper here.

Control of non-renewable resources!

I was first introduced to the concept of non-renewable resources probably during my days as an "A" level student.  It was believed that crude oil would be depleted in 30 years back then.  Well, 20 years have gone by but it seems that we have more proven reserves of crude oil than ever before but it does not change the fact that it is still a non-renewable resource.

OPEC has 12 members and between them, they control 60% of the world's proven crude oil reserves and produce 40% of the world's oil currently. OPEC's importance cannot be underestimated although there are more non-OPEC oil producers since the 1980s.  This is because oil output by non-OPEC oil producers is likely to fall over the next decade.

Although the world is still very much dependent on oil for its energy needs, there are many alternatives to oil.  The increasing awareness of global warming and climate change issues has encouraged efforts to produce energy cleanly and sustainably.  These efforts would only intensify over time.  So, crude oil might be non-renewable but it is replaceable.

Today, in the papers, I learned that there are some other non-renewable resources which are controlled to a large extent by a single Asian country. I first learned of this only a few weeks ago. Some of you might already know what I am talking about: rare earth minerals.  A quick check on Wikipedia reveals that "the majority of rare earth minerals are mined in Asia, with China producing 93 percent of the world's supply, and more than 99 percent of the most valuable supply!"

In the recent case of Japanese authorities arresting a Chinese fisherman in disputed waters, the Chinese stopped the export of such rare earth minerals to Japan. Apparently, these rare earth minerals are so important in the production of many advanced products that the Japanese authorities bowed to pressure and released the fisherman.

The papers today reported that the Chinese seem to have halted the shipments of these rare earth minerals to the United States and Europe as well.  This is in response to the rising trade and currency tensions China has with the West.  How long would this embargo last?

It is also reported that the Chinese plan to further reduce their annual export quota for rare earth minerals from next year.  Mining almost all of the world's rare earth minerals, non-renewable resources which seem to have no viable alternatives at the current point in time, makes the Chinese a force as formidable as OPEC and possibly more.

Saizen REIT: AGM on 19 Oct 10.

I managed to take leave from work to attend Saizen REIT's AGM with a friend today. The AGM started on time and there were few surprises for me as I have been tracking this REIT for about a year now. Nonetheless, I picked up some interesting points which might not be apparent from the presentation slides.

The management took pains to impress upon unitholders that even if YK Shintoku were to suffer a foreclosure, the rest of Saizen REIT would not be affected. The DPU of 0.26c for the months of May and June 2010 did not have any contribution from YK Shintoku. We could expect this DPU to be sustainable. So, even if YK Shintoku's loan remains unresolved, we could expect a DPU of 0.26c x 6 = 1.56c per annum, ceteris paribus.  This is a yield of almost 10% based on a unit price of 16c.  However, I would expect this to be diluted somewhat if all the warrants are exercised. A 7% yield could be more realistic then.  When we take into consideration that Saizen REIT owns freehold properties, this becomes quite attractive.

Depending on whether YK Shintoku's CMBS is refinanced and the size of its portfolio at the point in time if refinancing happens, yield would be adjusted upwards but the magnitude of such an adjustment would remain guesswork for now, at best.

The management's energy is now focused on the re-financing of YK Shintoku's CMBS. The main difficulty in getting the loan re-financed is the cautious stance of lenders. This explains why they are gradually divesting properties in YK Shintoku to lower the absolute quantum of the loan. This is a preferred alternative to having the portfolio foreclosed by the CMBS holders.

A smaller loan quantum would also make it more palatable to potential lenders, of course. In fact, Mr. Raymond Wong mentioned that a bank in Tokyo is willing to lend them more money provided that they resolve the YK Shintoku CMBS first. A chicken and egg problem, it seems.

Mr. Wong further revealed that in the last two years or so, they met up with about 60 different banks and managed to refinance all but YK Shintoku 's CMBS. The absolute size of this CMBS remains a challenge although it has been reduced through divestment of properties over time from the original JPY 7.953 billion to the current JPY 5.9 billion. It was also said that YK Shintoku has a cash reserve of JPY 0.6 billion which would reduce the outstanding loan balance to JPY 5.3 billion.

The problem with CMBS is that it has to be fully repaid and there is no amortising feature. So, the challenge is now to find a lender willing to lend JPY 5.3 billion to refinance YK Shintoku's CMBS.

The management revealed that it collected $14.56 m from warrant proceeds as of 18 Oct. Potentially, it could receive another $30.18m if the rest of the warrants are exercised. If enough properties from YK Shintoku were divested to make the outstanding loan balance payable using warrant proceeds, we might not even need to refinance the loan. JPY 5.3 billion is (at today's rate of 1 JPY = 0.01575 SGD) equivalent to S$83.475m.  For such an option to work, it seems that Saizen REIT would have to divest another $40m worth of properties from YK Shintoku's portfolio.

Both Mr. Raymond Wong and Mr. Chang Sean Pey agreed that it is not the best time to sell properties in Japan. In fact, it is a time to buy properties in Japan (which could explain partially why GLP and MLT bought so many properties this year in the country). Unfortunately, the lack of willing lenders for YK Shintoku's refinancing bid leaves them little choice but to continue divesting properties until a time when it is no longer necessary. Like Mr. Wong said, it beats having the portfolio foreclosed.

The successful refinancing or discharging of YK Shintoku's CMBS would represent a bonus for unit holders since it would resume contribution to the REIT's distributable income. This is not, by any means, certain. Therefore, I would not buy Saizen REIT with this as the primary motivation. It is just a bonus that could very well materialise.

The management's tact to present the REIT as a safe income generating instrument was not lost on me. However, some unitholders were clearly not impressed and asked if there were plans to have greater coverage of Saizen REIT by brokerages and whether there would be further re-rating upwards by Moody's. It is a fact that Saizen REIT's units are trading at a huge discount to NAV and the yield is very high.  This was explained by Mr. Raymond Wong, quite candidly, because of the market's perception of the REIT which has remained unfavourable as well as the negative perception of the Japanese economy as a whole.

Having said this, understanding the need to have increased coverage for Saizen REIT, the management has met up with the largest retail brokerage in Singapore yesterday and will conduct a briefing for analysts today. Of course, positive coverage could give Saizen REIT's unit price a shot in the arm.  After all, it remains a strong value proposition.

Mr. Chang made a very good point that the depressed value of Japanese residential real estate is not because rental rates have plunged. Rental rates have remained relatively stable. It is because liquidity has dried up but this is slowly changing. The recent successful divestment of various properties in YK Shintoku shows that buyers are back and liquidity is returning. Things could only get better from here, in my opinion.

So, was there anything I did not like about the AGM? Resolutions 3 and 4: Allowing the manager to make or grant convertible instruments and to issue by way of placement at a discount of 10 to 20% of the unit price at the point in time. Although Mr. Raymond Wong assured unitholders that it is a formality and that they would not do any placements at such a steep discount to the current very depressed unit price, I voted against these resolutions.  I do not like share placements as they exclude small investors like me from taking part in the enlarged capital base.  I much prefer a rights issue.

In general, I enjoyed the AGM. Both Mr. Raymond Wong and Mr. Chang Sean Pey were polite and shared information freely. They answered questions candidly, acknowledging the difficult circumstances surrounding their efforts to refinance YK Shintoku's CMBS. Mr Arnold Ip, the Chairman, whom I have always imagined to be a Chinese gentleman but turned out to be Eurasian, said that they are now a lot more optimistic about the REIT and its future when, only a year ago, they were thinking of the worst case scenario.

After attending the AGM, I am more convinced than ever that Saizen REIT is a value proposition that is hard to ignore.  It is an income instrument that would continue to deliver a relatively high yield at the current price and the potential upside is more than any potential downside. I would continue to accumulate on weakness, if the opportunity presents itself.

AGM presentation slides here.

Related post:
Saizen REIT: Divestment of 3 properties.
Saizen REIT's properties: Would I buy?
Saizen REIT: Better than expected DPU.

Japanese Yen at 15 year high.

I have been following news reporting on the strength of the Japanese Yen as well as the actions taken by Prime Minister Naoto Kan's team.  I am, naturally, very interested in economic and financial news from the Land of the Rising Sun as I am vested in Saizen REIT.

I applaud Bank of Japan's (BOJ) decision to cut its interest rate to zero recently.  This would, in theory, make credit cheaper and more readily available in the country. This would encourage borrowing and could possibly give the economy a shot in the arm. However, taking note that the interest rate was near zero to begin with (at 0.1%), cutting its rate to zero could have limited positive effects.

For investors in Saizen REIT, a strong Yen is good because we receive income distributions in S$. However, a strong Yen is not good for Japan as, being an exporting economy, a strong Yen reduces Japanese companies' competitiveness. As Japanese MNCs repatriate earnings back to Japan, a stronger Yen reduces the value of repatriated earnings. A stronger Yen could also propagate the deflationary spiral which Japan is suffering from.

While, as investors in Saizen REIT, we want to have a strong Japanese Yen, we want it strong enough to give us good returns (i.e. an attractive yield on our investment) but we do not want it so strong as to jeopardise the well being of the Japanese economy as that would, in time, have negative ramifications for Japanese residential real estate.

Latest update:
The dollar was trading at 82.36 yen in Tokyo midday.
08 October 2010 1231 hrs, CNA.

Related post:
Japan's debt issue and Saizen REIT.

Business Cycles, Fiscal Policies and Monetary Policies.

I have always maintained that having some knowledge of Economics is useful in the modern world.  A reader, Paul, happens to be a student of the subject at a higher level.  He has kindly emailed me some essays which he has given me permission to publish.  I hope you find them as interesting as I have.

Business Cycles, Fiscal Policies and Monetary Policies

Business cycle refers to economic expansions and recessions. Developed economies normally have a 3-5% GDP growth annually. USA's potential GDP growth is about 2.5%. A recession happens when an economy has 2 consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth. Depression is a recession on a larger scale. It refers to a period when the GDP output falls by more than 25% and when there is high unemployment rate of about 20%. Depressions are longer in duration, often lasting more than 4 quarters.

Economic recessions could be the result of internal shocks and external shocks. In a recession, there is a lack of effective demand for goods and services. Some economists view recession as a natural occurrence as the economy goes through structural changes, as moving from sun-set industries to sun-rise industries. A recession could also be caused by structural failures such as the banking system. In short, the economy has to shed its excesses to be healthy again.

In the years prior to the recent financial crisis, Robert Lucas and Ben Bernanke declared that the central economic problem had been solved, business cycles were tamed and severe recessions were things of the past. We all know what happened in 2008.

After the Great Depression in 1930s, governments worldwide actively tried to tame the business cycles. USA went through a strong period of recovery powered by the industrial sector. The recessions were short and mild, while the recoveries were strong and sustained. This led to questions if the business cycle was obsolete? The next depression in the US was in 1970s, caused by external shocks such as the high oil prices. In the 1990s, the world again went through another period of small recessions and strong economic growth, which led to the comments made by Robert Lucas and Ben Bernanke. Is complacency one of the causes of the recent financial crisis?

Fiscal and monetary policies are employed by governments trying to tame the business cycle. Fiscal policies refer to the G component, which is the government. In times of economic expansion, governments would raise taxes, and cut their spending to prevent overheating of the economy. These are called contractionary fiscal policies which could lead to a budget surplus. In recessions, governments have to lower taxes and increase spending to stimulate demand in the economy. These are called expansionary fiscal policies which could lead to a budget deficit. For example, lowering taxes for both consumers and producers would increase their real income, and increase their spending respectively, all else being equal. This would result in a higher C and I component which increase the national income.

Monetary policies involved using the money supply to influence the interest rates. When money supply increases, interest rates will fall. When interest rates fall, cost of borrowing for both consumers and producers will fall. For example, this could lower mortgage interest payment for consumers and make it cheaper for producers to borrow money from the banks. This would again boost demand through C and I. Lower interest rates would also weaken the currency of the country, which would be positive for the country's trade balance, all else being equal.

Central Banks would normally be responsible for monetary policies in a country and they are supposed to be independent from the government with the main objective of achieving price stability, with an inflation target of 1-3%. In the recent crisis, Central Banks around the work also resorted to different methods to increase the money supply, such as quantitative easing and the use of reserve ratios for commercial banks.

As mentioned earlier, adopting expansionary fiscal policies could lead to deficits. Budget deficits could be funded by surpluses from previous budgets or the issuance of bonds to borrow from the market. As mentioned in earlier blog posts, most governments resorted to the issuance of bonds to finance budget deficits in the recent crisis. These bonds can be bought by domestic or foreign investors. Hence, we have the figures of debt to GDP ratio. When foreign investors are involved, it would cause movements in the exchange rates, due to changes in demand and supply of the home currency. This is one of the reason why Japan is upset when the Chinese government bought much more Japanese government bonds( JGBs) recently.

These policies are called demand side management policies, as they are used to stimulate demand in the economy. If fiscal spending is carried out to improve supply in the economy, for examples, through education and infrastructure spending, which would increase the future productivity of the country, then, these would be called supply side policies. The Singapore government has been constantly engaging in supply side policies through retraining programs for workers, investments in the education system, construction of new infrastructure such as metro rails, implementation of tax incentives for engaging in R&D activities etc. This would boost the country's productivity and competitiveness in the future.

The readings below focus on debt issues, and fiscal, monetary policies.

Sovereign Debt
http://www.economist.com/node/16397110?story_id=16397110
http://www.economist.com/blogs/buttonwood/2010/06/indebtedness_after_financial_crisis
http://www.economist.com/node/16397098?story_id=16397098
http://www.economist.com/node/16397086?story_id=16397086

Corporate Debt
http://www.economist.com/node/16397174?story_id=16397174

Consumer Debt
http://www.economist.com/node/16397124?story_id=16397124

Fiscal and Monetary Policies
http://www.economist.com/node/16943569?story_id=16943569

Related posts:
Hope this helps to refresh your "A" Level Economics!
USA, a rock and a hard place: Paul opines.

Hope this helps to refresh your "A" Level Economics!

The title of this blog post is exactly the same as the title of an email sent to me by a reader, Paul.  I like how it neatly encapsulates his good intention with a dash of cheekiness. I try not to take myself too seriously most of the time. Haha... I have reproduced his email with his permission:

Ways to Boost National Income

As we have learnt in basic economic theory, C+I+G+(X-M)=Y, I will now discuss issues which are restricting the major economies such as US and the EU to grow, and some of the policies which have been undertaken by them.

C stands for domestic consumption. In recessions, consumption is usually hit badly. As the consumers are busy deleveraging to pay off their debts, they cut down on their income elastic consumption which is normally the luxury goods.

I stands for investments, aka private sector. During recessions, there is a lack of incentives for investment by the private sector due to excess capacity therein. Furthermore, margins could thin due to lack of pricing power in times of recession. In addition, due to consumers deleveraging, there could be a lack of demand from consumers.

G stands for government spending. In normal recessions, a country's government is able to execute expansionary fiscal policies through spending in sectors such as infrastructure, education, health or military. These deficits could be financed by previous budget surpluses (which many of these big countries do not have), or borrowings through issuance of government bonds. Most countries adopt the issuance of government bonds approach to finance their government spending. However, as mentioned in an earlier post, governments in major economics like the UK, Japan and the USA have been incurring budget deficits for the past few years, which limit their ability to borrow more money. In the case of the US, the government debt is expected to double over the next decades, with majority of the debt caused by interest payment. The austerity program adopted by the major economies limit the governments' ability to prop up growth.

(X-M) is net export. One of the most basic ways to boost the (X-M) component is to have a weaker currency, which would make a country's exports relatively cheaper compared to other countries. Currently, governments worldwide are turning to this as a solution. Instead of focusing on productivity to boost exports, governments take the easy way out, by “manipulating” the strength of their currencies. For example, USA forced the revaluation of the Japanese Yen in 1985 to boost their exports. Currently, USA is trying to do the same to the Chinese RMB.

In this world, there is never a case of a balanced trade accounts, there will always be imbalances, some countries having surpluses, some having deficits. Trade account surpluses and deficits are not a problem in economic studies. But for political reasons, it has been a problem. Recently, Japan central bank also intervened in the FOREX market to weaken the yen. This has led to what is called "competitive devaluation", a race to the bottom, where countries will try to make their currencies relatively weaker to boost exports.

Another method to boost (X-M) is the implementation of trade barriers, which would again result in trade wars. Already, there are signs of protectionist measures in the USA through the “Buy Made in US” campaign. Trade wars would hamper global economic growth, especially those of emerging markets which are reliant on exports.

When there is a recession caused by a financial crisis, it takes longer than usual to recover due to the freeze in credit lines and financial system. Actually, US is doing comparatively better than the recovery from previous financial crisis led recession.

In the case of Singapore, we are fortunate enough to have a good public financial system. Any sales of Singapore assets such as land are being kept in the “treasury” under the care of the President and not the government. 50% of the returns from investments such as those from GICs are also channeled into this “treasury”.

Hence, when the Singapore government want to tap into this reserve in 2008 or 2009, it had to seek permission from the President. The budget surpluses which are usually stated by the government, do not include the increase in the reserve funds. Therefore, “short term pain, long term gain” has served Singapore well in saving for the rainy days and having the fiscal policies to help the economy. Most western economies do not have this privilege due to the asymmetrical nature of fiscal policies. Easy to cut taxes, hard to raise taxes, which sort of validate Singapore government's stand on retaining the GST even during the economic hard times.

Related post:
USA, a rock and a hard place: Paul opines.

Property prices in Japan.

Property prices in Japan may be near the bottom because transactions are picking up as loan default rates begin to decline....

.... Investors including Chuo Mitsui Trust & Banking Company and CLSA Capital Partners have said they will invest in real estate in Japan this year after the nation’s commercial land prices fell to the lowest in at least 36 years....

.... ‘The best time to invest is before things hit bottom, because if everyone were to agree we are right at bottom, they would all come rushing back in. If you have a longer term outlook, now is a very interesting time to be looking,’ said Buddy Ferrie, a general manager of the investment division at property consulting firm Colliers Halifax in Tokyo....

Read complete article here.
Analysts indicate property prices in Japan may be near bottom, Property Wire, Friday, 04 June 2010 .

I first put up this video on 13 March but I think it is worth watching again.  A video interview with Marc Faber (Posted Mar 12, 2010 07:30am EST by Peter Gorenstein):



"If you are going to put money to work in stocks both market watchers think Japan is the place to be. After a 20 year bear market and despite high-debt-to-GDP levels, the pair think the market has become too cheap to ignore. Always a contrarian, Faber believes the lack of interest in Japanese stocks makes it one of the most compelling buys in the world. "

Related post:
Buy Japanese real estate.

Blackstone is buying real estate in Japan.

I came across an article published by Bloomberg on 22 July, 2010, that Blackstone may buy Morgan Stanley's real estate assets in Japan.  Here are some salient points:

Prices for Tokyo office buildings have fallen as much as 50 percent from their 2007 peak, according to an estimate by CB Richard Ellis Group Inc.’s Japan subsidiary. Blackstone’s first purchase in the country, after opening a Tokyo operation three years ago, may suggest prices are set to climb, said Takashi Ishizawa, a real estate analyst at Mizuho Securities Co.

“The news confirms my view that property prices in Japan have reached bottom,” Ishizawa said in a telephone interview in Tokyo. “Now is the time to invest.”

Japan’s nationwide average land prices dropped 8 percent in 2009 from a year ago, the second straight annual decline, the National Tax Agency said in a report earlier this month.

The drop has attracted other buyers. Acquisitions by the country’s 38 publicly traded real estate investment trusts more than doubled in the first quarter to 229 billion yen from the same period last year, according to IB Research and Consulting Inc., a Tokyo-based research firm.

Japan’s listed real estate investment trusts have raised 195.5 billion yen in the first six months of this year, the highest since 2008, as they look to expand their portfolios, according to Mizuho Securities Co.

Read full article here.

Related post:

Buy Japanese real estate.

Mapletree Log: Acquires properties in Japan.

Mapletree Logistics Trust (a Temasek linked REIT), has shown its confidence in the Japanese economy by acquiring three distribution centres in Japan for a total of JPY13b or S$200m.

"MapletreeLog says it has sufficient financial flexibility and capacity to fund the Acquisition which is expected to be completed by end 3Q 2010. The purchase price and other acquisition costs of the properties will be fully funded by debt, which will bring MapletreeLog’s gearing level to 43.6%, after taking into account all acquisitions announced to date." (The Edge, 28 July 10, 13.23)

Its presentation slides show these acquisitions to be yield accretive. The investment would generate a return of 7.3% per annum.  At the last traded price of 88c, the yield is currently about 6.8%. These Japanese properties are likely to bump up DPU by 5.6% per annum. The properties are also freehold in nature.  No "depreciation". See presentation slides here.

Having said this, with these latest acquisitions, gearing level would be pushed up to 43.6%.  One wonders if Mapletree Log would go to unitholders with hat in hand in the near future or, perhaps, do a share placement.

MapletreeLog acquires 3 properties in Japan for $200m
Wednesday, 28 July 2010

© 2010 - The Edge Singapore

 

Saizen REIT: 3Q FY2010 Results.

A good set of numbers overall for Saizen REIT.  The only thorn in its side remains the CMBS for YK Shintoku which it defaulted on late last year.

Key points for me:

1. Saizen REIT's properties are all Freehold and not Leasehold.  So, there is no "depreciation" which some investors might be concerned about.

2. Occupancy rates have been consistently above 90% even through the financial crisis which reinforces the idea that demand is relatively inelastic for Saizen REIT's properties.

3. Average rental rates have stayed consistently above JPY1,500 psm.

4. If YK Shintoku were to suffer foreclosure, the nett effects would be a 22% decrease in nett property income, a 10% reduction in NAV and its gearing level would decline from the current 36.9% to 27.4%. 

A 22% decrease in nett property income would probably mean a similar reduction in dpu from my projection here. Based on the current number of units in issue, the dpu would reduce from 2c to 1.56c giving us a yield of 9.45%.  The NAV would reduce from 39c to 35c approximately.  With the proforma foreclosure gearing at 27.4%, Saizen REIT would emerge unscathed and, in my opinion, stronger in its balance sheets. So, if YK Shintoku goes through a foreclosure, Saizen REIT remains a great investment as it has high yield, a big discount to NAV and low gearing.

The CMBS lenders for YK Shintoku, as expected, are dragging their feet and still "formulating course of action".  Why would they want to go ahead with foreclosure when they are receiving 7.07% interest payment now? They are lenders, not property managers or investors, after all.

YK Shintoku's property income is more than sufficient to cover the punitive interest payment due to the default.  So, it is still more positive than negative to keep the status quo.

Presentation slides here.

Saizen REIT to resume FY10 distribution to unitholders in Sept
Wednesday, 12 May 2010

© 2010 - The Edge Singapore

SAIZEN REIT:
Out of woods and resuming cash distribution
Written by Sim Kih, Thursday, 13 May 2010.
Read the article in NEXT INSIGHT here.

Related post:
Saizen REIT: March 2010 presentation.

Japan's domestic consumption strengthens.

Japanese Shoppers to Spend More, Credit Suisse Says 
By Masaki Kondo and Akiko Ikeda

April 16 (Bloomberg) -- Japanese service providers and other companies reliant on domestic demand will benefit from increasing consumption, Credit Suisse Group AG said.

An improving job market and a demographic shift in the workplace are likely to boost spending, Credit Suisse’s chief Japan economist Hiromichi Shirakawa, said in an interview yesterday. As the nation ages, there are more opportunities for young people, he said.

Complete article here.



Japan Spending, Wages Rise as Prices Slump 13th Month
By Aki Ito and Keiko Ujikane

April 30 (Bloomberg) -- Japan’s household spending, wages and job openings increased, while consumer prices tumbled for a 13th straight month, signaling a sustained recovery that’s still not strong enough to end deflation.

Today’s statistics were released hours before Bank of Japan policy makers are scheduled to announce their decision on monetary policy. Board members must decide whether to step up their efforts to contain price declines by expanding a 20 trillion yen ($212 billion) lending program. The bank is forecast to keep its benchmark interest rate near zero.

“The economy’s recovery is steadily continuing,” said Hiroshi Miyazaki, chief economist at Shinkin Asset Management Co. in Tokyo. Even so, “deflationary pressures are still deep- seated in the economy,” he said.

Household outlays rose 4.4 percent in March from a year earlier, the biggest gain since May 2004, the statistics bureau said today in Tokyo. Consumer prices excluding fresh food slid 1.2 percent from a year earlier. Wages advanced 0.8 percent, the first increase in 22 months, the Labor Ministry said.

Read complete article here.

Related posts:
Japan's debt issue and Saizen REIT.
Japan's recovery accelerating.
Replies from AK71: Japan's economy.
Buy Japanese real estate.

Tea with AK71: Nightmare at Bugis.

I remember people complaining about not being able to get a seat on the MRT trains when I was an undergrad which was when the MRT was still quite a young system in Singapore.  I was also young and didn't mind standing in the trains since most of my rides were to commute between Tiong Bahru (the nearest station to my flat) and Clementi (to take a bus to the Uni) which are only a few stops apart.

Not long after I started working about 15 years ago, I started driving.  Over the years, I observed the increasingly crowded condition of our roads and I complained about it. Driving was beginning to be stressful.

One day, not too long ago, I decided to take the MRT train and give my car a break and do some good for the environment by reducing my carbon footprint etc.  Actually, it was more to give myself a break as I thought that taking the train would be less stressful than driving. I told myself that Tiong Bahru is just a few stations to Bugis, which is true, and I wouldn't have to worry about terrible drivers, red lights and parking.

The waiting time for the train was about 3 minutes.  I must have missed the earlier train just.  That was fine.  When the train came, it was packed!  Wow!  I am now a bit thicker around the middle than I was back in school but I managed to squeeze myself into the train.  I felt like a sardine in a can. The discomfort was made worse by the coming in and going out of passengers at the next few stations.

When the train got to Bugis, I got out in relief only to be greeted by an absolute nightmare.  The station was packed! Wow, wow! There were two escalators where I was standing: one up and one down.  Both escalators were packed to capacity and people were trying to get onto them. When I managed to get on the upgoing escalator, I truly empathised with salmons swimming upstream! In less than an hour, I felt like a sardine and a salmon! A truly Singaporean experience?

The problem? The platform was very narrow (I am referring to the air conditioned space in between the two train tracks) as in there was little space compared to the crowd at the station. It reminded me of a local train station in Kyoto.  If you could imagine putting a small Kyoto train station in Tokyo or Osaka, you would be able to picture the chaos.  There and then, I told myself that I would never take the MRT train to Bugis again.  If there had been some sort of an emergency, many would be trampled to death in a stampede, I do not doubt.

It occurred to me that Bugis station was probably built without anticipating the recent burgeoning population in Singapore. It is also difficult to enlarge the platform since the train tracks would have to be moved outwards. The only way I think the situation could be improved without any major changes is to increase the number of escalators in the station.  This, I believe would improve the current situation tremendously.  This is one for the engineers.

Japan's recovery accelerating, central bank says.

Exports driving Japan's economic recovery into higher gear, central bank says.

Tomoko A. Hosaka, Associated Press Writer, On Friday April 30, 2010, 5:07 am EDT

TOKYO (AP) -- Japan received a brighter assessment of its economic future Friday, with a key central bank report highlighting an accelerating recovery and easing price declines.

In its semiannual outlook, the Bank of Japan predicted that the world's second biggest economy would see faster growth this fiscal year, which began April 1, and a possible end to deflation within two years. Gross domestic product will probably expand 1.8 percent this year, the central bank said, better than its previous forecast of 1.3 percent.

The report credited robust growth in overseas markets, particularly in Asia, for fueling Japanese exports and production. Stock prices and corporate profits are up. That should boost capital expenditures and eventually lead to more jobs, higher wages and stronger domestic demand.

Read full article here.

Revaluing the RMB.

Revaluing the RMB is a matter of when, not if.  It is widely known that the RMB is undervalued and the Chinese government realises that it has to let the RMB appreciate. This would bring down the cost of living in the country and help put a lid on inflationary pressures.  However, China wants to do so at its own pace. 

The Chinese government is and has always been very concerned about not losing face. A confrontational attitude from outsiders would do more harm than good.

When the RMB is revalued upwards and we can expect this to happen in a series of steps in time, foreign companies with assets in China and with earnings denominated in the RMB will surely benefit. Also, foreigners should find investing in Chinese companies and assets attractive in such a situation as the value of their Chinese investments in their home currencies would likely increase.

China is on track to overtake Japan as the largest economy in Asia and companies which are well positioned to benefit from the growth of the Chinese economy will most likely do better than peers which are not.

CapitaRetail China Trust posts 7.5% rise in net property to $19m in 1Q
Friday, 23 April 2010

© 2010 - The Edge Singapore

-------------------------------------------------------

Yuan Gains May Help China Vault Past Japan to Be No. 2 Economy

April 19, 2010, 1:36 AM EDT


April 19 (Bloomberg) -- China’s anticipated move to let its currency appreciate may help the nation overtake Japan as the world’s second-largest economy, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd. said.

 A 5 percent revaluation against the dollar could see quarterly gross domestic product exceed Japan’s as soon as July- to-September this year, estimated Liu Li-Gang, a Hong Kong-based economist at ANZ. The Chinese economy is likely to vault past Japan by year’s end even if the yuan remains stable, Liu said in an e-mailed interview.

Read complete article here:
Yuan gains may help China vault past Japan to be No. 2 economy.

-------------------------------------------------------
Weak Chinese Currency "Not Just An American Problem,"
FT's Martin Wolf Says.
Posted Apr 22, 2010 07:30am EDT by Peter Gorenstein



Related posts:
New global economic leadership.

Credit Suisse on the Japanese economy and JPY.

Credit Suisse thinks that the Japanese economy will continue to improve for the rest of 2010 and that the Yen will strengthen.  Is this also a reason why Credit Suisse is now a substantial unitholder of Saizen REIT?  I wonder.

31 March 2010
Bloomberg



Related post:
A tale of two reversals and Saizen REIT.